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[Java Backend Zero to Hello] [Phase 8] BÀI 8.2: AUTHENTICATION MODULE

📚 Series: Java Backend Zero to Hello 📂 Phân đoạn: Phase 8: Project thực tế 📖 Nội dung: BÀI 8.2: AUTHENTICATION MODULE 💡 Khóa học lập trình Backend Java & Spring Boot chuẩn doanh nghiệp từ con số 0.

BÀI 8.2: AUTHENTICATION MODULE

Mục tiêu

Implement JWT authentication
User registration & login
Refresh token
Phân quyền với Spring Security

1. USER ENTITY

@Entity
@Table(name = "users")
@EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener.class)
@Getter @Setter
@NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @Builder
public class User implements UserDetails {

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @Column(unique = true, nullable = false, length = 50)
    private String username;

    @Column(unique = true, nullable = false)
    private String email;

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private String password;

    @Column(name = "full_name", length = 100)
    private String fullName;

    @Column(length = 20)
    private String phone;

    @Column(name = "avatar_url")
    private String avatarUrl;

    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
    @Column(nullable = false, length = 20)
    private Role role;

    @Column(nullable = false)
    private boolean enabled = true;

    @CreatedDate
    @Column(name = "created_at", updatable = false)
    private LocalDateTime createdAt;

    @LastModifiedDate
    @Column(name = "updated_at")
    private LocalDateTime updatedAt;

    // UserDetails methods
    @Override
    public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() {
        return List.of(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_" + role.name()));
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonExpired() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isAccountNonLocked() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isEnabled() {
        return enabled;
    }
}

Role Enum

public enum Role {
    ADMIN, CUSTOMER
}

2. REPOSITORY

@Repository
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {

    Optional<User> findByUsername(String username);

    Optional<User> findByEmail(String email);

    boolean existsByUsername(String username);

    boolean existsByEmail(String email);
}

3. DTOs

3.1 Request DTOs

public record RegisterRequest(
    @NotBlank @Size(min = 3, max = 50) String username,
    @NotBlank @Email String email,
    @NotBlank @Size(min = 8) String password,
    @Size(max = 100) String fullName,
    @Pattern(regexp = "^\\d{10}$") String phone
) {}

public record LoginRequest(
    @NotBlank String username,  // username hoặc email
    @NotBlank String password
) {}

public record RefreshTokenRequest(
    @NotBlank String refreshToken
) {}

3.2 Response DTOs

public record AuthResponse(
    String accessToken,
    String refreshToken,
    String tokenType,
    long expiresIn,
    UserResponse user
) {}

public record UserResponse(
    Long id,
    String username,
    String email,
    String fullName,
    String phone,
    String avatarUrl,
    Role role,
    LocalDateTime createdAt
) {
    public static UserResponse from(User user) {
        return new UserResponse(
            user.getId(),
            user.getUsername(),
            user.getEmail(),
            user.getFullName(),
            user.getPhone(),
            user.getAvatarUrl(),
            user.getRole(),
            user.getCreatedAt()
        );
    }
}

4. JWT SERVICE

@Service
@Slf4j
public class JwtService {

    @Value("${app.jwt.secret}")
    private String secret;

    @Value("${app.jwt.expiration}")
    private long expiration;

    @Value("${app.jwt.refresh-expiration}")
    private long refreshExpiration;

    public String generateAccessToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
        return generateToken(userDetails, expiration, "access");
    }

    public String generateRefreshToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
        return generateToken(userDetails, refreshExpiration, "refresh");
    }

    private String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails, long expiration, String type) {
        Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
        claims.put("type", type);

        if (userDetails instanceof User user) {
            claims.put("userId", user.getId());
            claims.put("role", user.getRole().name());
        }

        return Jwts.builder()
            .claims(claims)
            .subject(userDetails.getUsername())
            .issuedAt(new Date())
            .expiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration))
            .signWith(getSigningKey())
            .compact();
    }

    public String extractUsername(String token) {
        return extractClaim(token, Claims::getSubject);
    }

    public boolean isAccessToken(String token) {
        return "access".equals(extractClaim(token, claims -> claims.get("type", String.class)));
    }

    public boolean isValid(String token, UserDetails userDetails) {
        try {
            final String username = extractUsername(token);
            return username.equals(userDetails.getUsername()) && !isExpired(token);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return false;
        }
    }

    private boolean isExpired(String token) {
        return extractClaim(token, Claims::getExpiration).before(new Date());
    }

    private <T> T extractClaim(String token, Function<Claims, T> resolver) {
        Claims claims = extractAllClaims(token);
        return resolver.apply(claims);
    }

    private Claims extractAllClaims(String token) {
        return Jwts.parser()
            .verifyWith(getSigningKey())
            .build()
            .parseSignedClaims(token)
            .getPayload();
    }

    private SecretKey getSigningKey() {
        byte[] keyBytes = Decoders.BASE64.decode(secret);
        return Keys.hmacShaKeyFor(keyBytes);
    }
}

5. JWT AUTHENTICATION FILTER

@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
public class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

    private final JwtService jwtService;
    private final UserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request,
                                    HttpServletResponse response,
                                    FilterChain filterChain)
            throws ServletException, IOException {

        String authHeader = request.getHeader("Authorization");

        if (authHeader == null || !authHeader.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
            return;
        }

        String jwt = authHeader.substring(7);

        try {
            String username = jwtService.extractUsername(jwt);

            if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext()
                    .getAuthentication() == null) {

                UserDetails userDetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username);

                if (jwtService.isValid(jwt, userDetails) && jwtService.isAccessToken(jwt)) {
                    UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authToken =
                        new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                            userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities()
                        );
                    authToken.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource()
                        .buildDetails(request));
                    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authToken);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("JWT validation failed: {}", e.getMessage());
        }

        filterChain.doFilter(request, response);
    }
}

6. SECURITY CONFIG

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableMethodSecurity
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class SecurityConfig {

    private final JwtAuthenticationFilter jwtAuthFilter;
    private final CustomUserDetailsService userDetailsService;

    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .csrf(csrf -> csrf.disable())
            .cors(cors -> cors.configurationSource(corsConfigurationSource()))
            .sessionManagement(session -> session
                .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
            )
            .authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth
                .requestMatchers("/api/auth/**").permitAll()
                .requestMatchers("/api/public/**").permitAll()
                .requestMatchers("/v3/api-docs/**", "/swagger-ui/**").permitAll()
                .requestMatchers("/actuator/health").permitAll()
                .requestMatchers("/api/admin/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
            )
            .addFilterBefore(jwtAuthFilter,
                UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);

        return http.build();
    }

    @Bean
    public AuthenticationManager authenticationManager(
            AuthenticationConfiguration config) throws Exception {
        return config.getAuthenticationManager();
    }

    @Bean
    public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    @Bean
    public CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {
        CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration();
        config.setAllowedOrigins(List.of("http://localhost:3000"));
        config.setAllowedMethods(List.of("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE", "PATCH"));
        config.setAllowedHeaders(List.of("*"));
        config.setAllowCredentials(true);
        UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
        source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", config);
        return source;
    }
}

7. AUTH SERVICE

@Service
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Slf4j
public class AuthService {

    private final UserRepository userRepository;
    private final PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
    private final JwtService jwtService;
    private final AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @Transactional
    public AuthResponse register(RegisterRequest request) {
        if (userRepository.existsByUsername(request.username())) {
            throw new DuplicateException("Username already exists");
        }
        if (userRepository.existsByEmail(request.email())) {
            throw new DuplicateException("Email already exists");
        }

        User user = User.builder()
            .username(request.username())
            .email(request.email())
            .password(passwordEncoder.encode(request.password()))
            .fullName(request.fullName())
            .phone(request.phone())
            .role(Role.CUSTOMER)
            .enabled(true)
            .build();

        User saved = userRepository.save(user);
        log.info("User registered: {}", saved.getUsername());

        return generateAuthResponse(saved);
    }

    public AuthResponse login(LoginRequest request) {
        authenticationManager.authenticate(
            new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                request.username(), request.password()
            )
        );

        User user = userRepository.findByUsername(request.username())
            .or(() -> userRepository.findByEmail(request.username()))
            .orElseThrow(() -> new BadCredentialsException("Invalid credentials"));

        log.info("User logged in: {}", user.getUsername());
        return generateAuthResponse(user);
    }

    public AuthResponse refreshToken(RefreshTokenRequest request) {
        String username = jwtService.extractUsername(request.refreshToken());
        User user = userRepository.findByUsername(username)
            .or(() -> userRepository.findByEmail(username))
            .orElseThrow(() -> new NotFoundException("User not found"));

        if (!jwtService.isValid(request.refreshToken(), user)) {
            throw new BusinessException("INVALID_TOKEN", "Invalid refresh token");
        }

        return generateAuthResponse(user);
    }

    private AuthResponse generateAuthResponse(User user) {
        String accessToken = jwtService.generateAccessToken(user);
        String refreshToken = jwtService.generateRefreshToken(user);

        return new AuthResponse(
            accessToken,
            refreshToken,
            "Bearer",
            86400000,
            UserResponse.from(user)
        );
    }
}

8. AUTH CONTROLLER

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/auth")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Tag(name = "Authentication", description = "Authentication APIs")
public class AuthController {

    private final AuthService authService;

    @PostMapping("/register")
    @Operation(summary = "Register new user")
    public ResponseEntity<ApiResponse<AuthResponse>> register(
            @RequestBody @Valid RegisterRequest request) {
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED)
            .body(ApiResponse.success("Registration successful", authService.register(request)));
    }

    @PostMapping("/login")
    @Operation(summary = "Login")
    public ApiResponse<AuthResponse> login(@RequestBody @Valid LoginRequest request) {
        return ApiResponse.success("Login successful", authService.login(request));
    }

    @PostMapping("/refresh-token")
    @Operation(summary = "Refresh access token")
    public ApiResponse<AuthResponse> refreshToken(
            @RequestBody @Valid RefreshTokenRequest request) {
        return ApiResponse.success(authService.refreshToken(request));
    }
}

9. USER CONTROLLER

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/users")
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@Tag(name = "User", description = "User management APIs")
public class UserController {

    private final UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/me")
    @Operation(summary = "Get current user")
    public ApiResponse<UserResponse> getCurrentUser(
            @AuthenticationPrincipal User user) {
        return ApiResponse.success(UserResponse.from(user));
    }

    @PutMapping("/me")
    @Operation(summary = "Update current user")
    public ApiResponse<UserResponse> updateCurrentUser(
            @AuthenticationPrincipal User user,
            @RequestBody @Valid UpdateUserRequest request) {
        return ApiResponse.success(userService.update(user.getId(), request));
    }

    @PutMapping("/me/password")
    @Operation(summary = "Change password")
    public ApiResponse<Void> changePassword(
            @AuthenticationPrincipal User user,
            @RequestBody @Valid ChangePasswordRequest request) {
        userService.changePassword(user.getId(), request);
        return ApiResponse.success("Password changed", null);
    }

    @GetMapping
    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
    @Operation(summary = "Get all users (Admin)")
    public ApiResponse<PageResponse<UserResponse>> getAllUsers(
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "0") int page,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int size) {
        return ApiResponse.success(userService.findAll(page, size));
    }
}

10. TESTING

10.1 Unit Test

@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class AuthServiceTest {

    @Mock private UserRepository userRepository;
    @Mock private PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder;
    @Mock private JwtService jwtService;
    @Mock private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

    @InjectMocks private AuthService authService;

    @Test
    void shouldRegisterUser() {
        RegisterRequest request = new RegisterRequest(
            "an", "an@example.com", "password123", "An", "0123456789"
        );

        when(userRepository.existsByUsername("an")).thenReturn(false);
        when(userRepository.existsByEmail("an@example.com")).thenReturn(false);
        when(passwordEncoder.encode("password123")).thenReturn("encoded");
        when(userRepository.save(any(User.class))).thenAnswer(inv -> {
            User u = inv.getArgument(0);
            u.setId(1L);
            return u;
        });
        when(jwtService.generateAccessToken(any())).thenReturn("access-token");
        when(jwtService.generateRefreshToken(any())).thenReturn("refresh-token");

        AuthResponse response = authService.register(request);

        assertThat(response.accessToken()).isEqualTo("access-token");
        assertThat(response.user().username()).isEqualTo("an");
    }

    @Test
    void shouldThrowWhenUsernameExists() {
        RegisterRequest request = new RegisterRequest(
            "an", "an@example.com", "password123", "An", null
        );

        when(userRepository.existsByUsername("an")).thenReturn(true);

        assertThatThrownBy(() -> authService.register(request))
            .isInstanceOf(DuplicateException.class);
    }
}

10.2 Integration Test

@SpringBootTest
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
class AuthControllerIntegrationTest {

    @Autowired private MockMvc mockMvc;
    @Autowired private ObjectMapper objectMapper;
    @Autowired private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Test
    void shouldRegisterAndLogin() throws Exception {
        // Register
        RegisterRequest register = new RegisterRequest(
            "testuser", "test@example.com", "password123", "Test", null
        );

        mockMvc.perform(post("/auth/register")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(register)))
            .andExpect(status().isCreated())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.success").value(true))
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.accessToken").exists());

        // Login
        LoginRequest login = new LoginRequest("testuser", "password123");

        mockMvc.perform(post("/auth/login")
                .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
                .content(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(login)))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.data.accessToken").exists());
    }
}

11. BÀI TẬP

Bài 1: User Entity & Repository

Tạo User entity với các trường cần thiết.

Bài 2: JWT Service

Implement JwtService với access/refresh token.

Bài 3: Auth Flow

Implement register, login, refresh token.

Bài 4: Test

Viết unit test và integration test.

Bài tiếp theo: 8.3 Product & Category Module

🧭 Điều hướng bài học

⬅️ Bài trước: BÀI 8.1: SETUP PROJECT E-COMMERCE
➡️ Bài tiếp theo: BÀI 8.3: PRODUCT & CATEGORY MODULE
📑 Toàn bộ lộ trình: Java Backend Zero to Hello

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