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[Java Backend Zero to Hello] [Phase 8] BÀI 8.1: SETUP PROJECT E-COMMERCE

📚 Series: Java Backend Zero to Hello 📂 Phân đoạn: Phase 8: Project thực tế 📖 Nội dung: BÀI 8.1: SETUP PROJECT E-COMMERCE 💡 Khóa học lập trình Backend Java & Spring Boot chuẩn doanh nghiệp từ con số 0.

BÀI 8.1: SETUP PROJECT E-COMMERCE

Mục tiêu

Khởi tạo project Spring Boot
Cấu hình dependencies
Setup Docker Compose
Cấu hình database

1. TẠO PROJECT

1.1 Spring Initializr

Project: Maven
Language: Java
Spring Boot: 3.2.x
Java: 17
Dependencies:
- Spring Web
- Spring Data JPA
- Spring Security
- PostgreSQL Driver
- Spring Data Redis
- Validation
- Lombok
- Spring Boot Actuator
- springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui
- Java Mail Sender
- Spring Boot DevTools

1.2 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>3.2.0</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>ecommerce-backend</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>ecommerce-backend</name>

    <properties>
        <java.version>17</java.version>
        <jjwt.version>0.12.3</jjwt.version>
        <mapstruct.version>1.5.5.Final</mapstruct.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- Web -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- JPA -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Security -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Validation -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Redis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Mail -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Actuator -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- OpenAPI -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springdoc</groupId>
            <artifactId>springdoc-openapi-starter-webmvc-ui</artifactId>
            <version>2.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- JWT -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
            <version>${jjwt.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
            <version>${jjwt.version}</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
            <version>${jjwt.version}</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- MapStruct -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapstruct</artifactId>
            <version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mapstruct</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapstruct-processor</artifactId>
            <version>${mapstruct.version}</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Lombok -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Database -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
            <artifactId>testcontainers</artifactId>
            <version>1.19.7</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.testcontainers</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <version>1.19.7</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

2. CẤU TRÚC PACKAGE

com.example.ecommerce
├── EcommerceApplication.java
├── config/
│   ├── SecurityConfig.java
│   ├── RedisConfig.java
│   ├── OpenApiConfig.java
│   └── CorsConfig.java
├── common/
│   ├── exception/
│   │   ├── GlobalExceptionHandler.java
│   │   ├── NotFoundException.java
│   │   ├── DuplicateException.java
│   │   └── BusinessException.java
│   ├── response/
│   │   ├── ApiResponse.java
│   │   └── PageResponse.java
│   └── util/
├── security/
│   ├── JwtService.java
│   ├── JwtAuthenticationFilter.java
│   └── CustomUserDetailsService.java
├── user/
│   ├── controller/
│   ├── service/
│   ├── repository/
│   ├── entity/
│   └── dto/
├── product/
├── category/
├── cart/
├── order/
├── payment/
└── notification/

3. APPLICATION.YML

3.1 application.yml

spring:
  profiles:
    active: dev
  application:
    name: ecommerce-backend
  jpa:
    open-in-view: false
    properties:
      hibernate:
        format_sql: true
        jdbc:
          time_zone: UTC
  servlet:
    multipart:
      max-file-size: 10MB
      max-request-size: 10MB
  data:
    redis:
      timeout: 2000

server:
  port: 8080
  servlet:
    context-path: /api

app:
  jwt:
    secret: ${JWT_SECRET:your-256-bit-secret-key-here-must-be-at-least-32-characters}
    expiration: 86400000  # 24h
    refresh-expiration: 604800000  # 7 days
  upload:
    dir: ${UPLOAD_DIR:./uploads}
  cors:
    allowed-origins: ${CORS_ORIGINS:http://localhost:3000}

springdoc:
  swagger-ui:
    path: /swagger-ui.html
    operations-sorter: alpha
  api-docs:
    path: /v3/api-docs

management:
  endpoints:
    web:
      exposure:
        include: health,info,metrics,prometheus
  endpoint:
    health:
      show-details: when-authorized
      probes:
        enabled: true

3.2 application-dev.yml

spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/ecommerce
    username: postgres
    password: postgres
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
    show-sql: true
  data:
    redis:
      host: localhost
      port: 6379

logging:
  level:
    com.example.ecommerce: DEBUG
    org.springframework.security: DEBUG

3.3 application-prod.yml

spring:
  datasource:
    url: ${DB_URL}
    username: ${DB_USERNAME}
    password: ${DB_PASSWORD}
    hikari:
      maximum-pool-size: 20
      minimum-idle: 5
  jpa:
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: validate
    show-sql: false
  data:
    redis:
      host: ${REDIS_HOST}
      port: ${REDIS_PORT}
      password: ${REDIS_PASSWORD}

logging:
  level:
    com.example.ecommerce: INFO

4. DOCKER COMPOSE

4.1 docker-compose.yml

version: '3.8'

services:
  app:
    build: .
    container_name: ecommerce-app
    ports:
      - "8080:8080"
    environment:
      SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE: docker
      DB_URL: jdbc:postgresql://db:5432/ecommerce
      DB_USERNAME: postgres
      DB_PASSWORD: postgres
      REDIS_HOST: redis
      REDIS_PORT: 6379
    depends_on:
      db:
        condition: service_healthy
      redis:
        condition: service_healthy
    volumes:
      - uploads:/app/uploads
    networks:
      - app-network

  db:
    image: postgres:16-alpine
    container_name: ecommerce-db
    environment:
      POSTGRES_DB: ecommerce
      POSTGRES_USER: postgres
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: postgres
    volumes:
      - postgres-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
      - ./init.sql:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/init.sql
    ports:
      - "5432:5432"
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD-SHELL", "pg_isready -U postgres"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
    networks:
      - app-network

  redis:
    image: redis:7-alpine
    container_name: ecommerce-redis
    ports:
      - "6379:6379"
    volumes:
      - redis-data:/data
    healthcheck:
      test: ["CMD", "redis-cli", "ping"]
      interval: 10s
      timeout: 5s
      retries: 5
    networks:
      - app-network

volumes:
  postgres-data:
  redis-data:
  uploads:

networks:
  app-network:
    driver: bridge

4.2 Dockerfile

# Build stage
FROM eclipse-temurin:17-jdk-jammy AS builder
WORKDIR /app
COPY .mvn/ .mvn
COPY mvnw pom.xml ./
RUN ./mvnw dependency:go-offline -B
COPY src ./src
RUN ./mvnw package -DskipTests

# Runtime stage
FROM eclipse-temurin:17-jre-jammy
WORKDIR /app

RUN addgroup --system spring && adduser --system spring --ingroup spring
USER spring:spring

COPY --from=builder /app/target/*.jar app.jar

EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "/app.jar"]

5. MAIN APPLICATION

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableJpaAuditing
@EnableAsync
@EnableCaching
@OpenAPIDefinition(
    info = @Info(
        title = "E-commerce API",
        version = "1.0",
        description = "Backend API for e-commerce system"
    )
)
public class EcommerceApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(EcommerceApplication.class, args);
    }
}

6. COMMON CLASSES

6.1 ApiResponse

public record ApiResponse<T>(
    boolean success,
    String message,
    T data,
    LocalDateTime timestamp
) {
    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success(T data) {
        return new ApiResponse<>(true, "Success", data, LocalDateTime.now());
    }

    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> success(String message, T data) {
        return new ApiResponse<>(true, message, data, LocalDateTime.now());
    }

    public static <T> ApiResponse<T> error(String message) {
        return new ApiResponse<>(false, message, null, LocalDateTime.now());
    }
}

6.2 Custom Exceptions

public class NotFoundException extends RuntimeException {
    public NotFoundException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

public class DuplicateException extends RuntimeException {
    public DuplicateException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException {
    private final String code;

    public BusinessException(String code, String message) {
        super(message);
        this.code = code;
    }

    public String getCode() {
        return code;
    }
}

6.3 Global Exception Handler

@RestControllerAdvice
@Slf4j
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {

    @ExceptionHandler(NotFoundException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ApiResponse<Void>> handleNotFound(NotFoundException ex) {
        log.warn("Not found: {}", ex.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND)
            .body(ApiResponse.error(ex.getMessage()));
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(DuplicateException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ApiResponse<Void>> handleDuplicate(DuplicateException ex) {
        log.warn("Duplicate: {}", ex.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CONFLICT)
            .body(ApiResponse.error(ex.getMessage()));
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ApiResponse<Void>> handleBusiness(BusinessException ex) {
        log.warn("Business error: {}", ex.getMessage());
        return ResponseEntity.badRequest()
            .body(ApiResponse.error(ex.getMessage()));
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(MethodArgumentNotValidException.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ApiResponse<Map<String, String>>> handleValidation(
            MethodArgumentNotValidException ex) {
        Map<String, String> errors = new HashMap<>();
        ex.getBindingResult().getFieldErrors()
            .forEach(fe -> errors.put(fe.getField(), fe.getDefaultMessage()));
        return ResponseEntity.badRequest()
            .body(new ApiResponse<>(false, "Validation failed", errors, LocalDateTime.now()));
    }

    @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class)
    public ResponseEntity<ApiResponse<Void>> handleGeneric(Exception ex) {
        log.error("Unexpected error", ex);
        return ResponseEntity.internalServerError()
            .body(ApiResponse.error("Internal server error"));
    }
}

7. CHẠY PROJECT

7.1 Local

# Start database
docker-compose up -d db redis

# Run app
mvn spring-boot:run

7.2 Docker

docker-compose up --build

7.3 Truy cập

API: http://localhost:8080/api
Swagger: http://localhost:8080/api/swagger-ui.html
Health: http://localhost:8080/api/actuator/health

8. BÀI TẬP

Bài 1: Setup

Tạo project với dependencies đầy đủ
Cấu hình Docker Compose
Chạy thành công

Bài 2: Common Classes

Implement ApiResponse
Implement các Exception
Implement GlobalExceptionHandler

Bài 3: Test

Viết test cho GlobalExceptionHandler
Test các exception

Bài tiếp theo: 8.2 Authentication Module

🧭 Điều hướng bài học

⬅️ Bài trước: BÀI 7.7: TRIỂN KHAI LÊN CLOUD
➡️ Bài tiếp theo: BÀI 8.2: AUTHENTICATION MODULE
📑 Toàn bộ lộ trình: Java Backend Zero to Hello

⭐ Hãy bookmark (clip) lại series để tiện theo dõi các bài học tiếp theo nhé!

BÀI 8.1: SETUP PROJECT E-COMMERCE

Mục tiêu

1. TẠO PROJECT

1.1 Spring Initializr

1.2 pom.xml

2. CẤU TRÚC PACKAGE

3. APPLICATION.YML

3.1 application.yml

3.2 application-dev.yml

3.3 application-prod.yml

4. DOCKER COMPOSE

4.1 docker-compose.yml

4.2 Dockerfile

5. MAIN APPLICATION

6. COMMON CLASSES

6.1 ApiResponse

6.2 Custom Exceptions

6.3 Global Exception Handler

7. CHẠY PROJECT

7.1 Local

7.2 Docker

7.3 Truy cập

8. BÀI TẬP

Bài 1: Setup

Bài 2: Common Classes

Bài 3: Test

🧭 Điều hướng bài học

Mục lục