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Convert SharePreferences Android sang kotlin

Những gì cần tìm hiểu đã có hết trong bài viết này rồi:

https://viblo.asia/p/toi-uu-android-shared-preferences-924lJM8bZPM

Hôm nay mình sẽ mạn phép dùng bài viết của tác giả ở trên để hướng dẫn các bạn convert SharePreferences của Android sang Kotlin

1.1. Phần khởi tạo SharedPrefs

companion object {
        private val PREFS_NAME = "share_prefs"
        private var mInstance: SharedPrefs? = null
        val instance: SharedPrefs
            get() {
                if (mInstance == null) {
                    mInstance = SharedPrefs()
                }
                return mInstance as SharedPrefs
            }
    }

1.2. Put data vào shared preferences

Cần truyền vào key và gía trị vào -> function sẽ check type data và put vào đúng type

fun <T> put(key: String, data: T) {
        val editor = mSharedPreferences.edit()
        when (data) {
            is String -> editor.putString(key, data as String)
            is Boolean -> editor.putBoolean(key, data as Boolean)
            is Float -> editor.putFloat(key, data as Float)
            is Int -> editor.putInt(key, data as Int)
            is Long -> editor.putLong(key, data as Long)
            else -> editor.putString(key, App.self()?.gSon?.toJson(data))
        }
        editor.apply()
    }

1.3. Get data từ shared preferencesype

  • Cần truyền vào key và type class vào -> function sẽ check type class và get ra đúng giá trị
  • Có 2 cách get data ra là get có giá trị mặc định được truyền vào và get có giá trị mặc định sẵn
 @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
    operator fun <T> get(key: String, anonymousClass: Class<T>): T {
        return when (anonymousClass) {
            String::class.java -> mSharedPreferences.getString(key, "") as T
            Boolean::class.java -> java.lang.Boolean.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getBoolean(key, false)) as T
            Float::class.java -> java.lang.Float.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getFloat(key, 0f)) as T
            Int::class.java -> Integer.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getInt(key, 0)) as T
            Long::class.java -> java.lang.Long.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getLong(key, 0)) as T
            else -> App.self()?.gSon?.fromJson(mSharedPreferences.getString(key, ""), anonymousClass)!!
        }
    }

    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
    operator fun <T> get(key: String, anonymousClass: Class<T>, defaultValue: T): T {
        return when (anonymousClass) {
            String::class.java -> mSharedPreferences.getString(key, defaultValue as String) as T
            Boolean::class.java -> java.lang.Boolean.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getBoolean(key, defaultValue as Boolean)) as T
            Float::class.java -> java.lang.Float.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getFloat(key, defaultValue as Float)) as T
            Int::class.java -> Integer.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getInt(key, defaultValue as Int)) as T
            Long::class.java -> java.lang.Long.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getLong(key, defaultValue as Long)) as T
            else -> App.self()?.gSon?.fromJson(mSharedPreferences.getString(key, ""), anonymousClass)!!
        }
    }

Full code :

class SharedPrefs private constructor() {
    private val mSharedPreferences: SharedPreferences

    init {
        mSharedPreferences = App.self()!!.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_NAME, Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
    }

    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
    operator fun <T> get(key: String, anonymousClass: Class<T>): T {
        return when (anonymousClass) {
            String::class.java -> mSharedPreferences.getString(key, "") as T
            Boolean::class.java -> java.lang.Boolean.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getBoolean(key, false)) as T
            Float::class.java -> java.lang.Float.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getFloat(key, 0f)) as T
            Int::class.java -> Integer.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getInt(key, 0)) as T
            Long::class.java -> java.lang.Long.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getLong(key, 0)) as T
            else -> App.self()?.gSon?.fromJson(mSharedPreferences.getString(key, ""), anonymousClass)!!
        }
    }

    @Suppress("UNCHECKED_CAST")
    operator fun <T> get(key: String, anonymousClass: Class<T>, defaultValue: T): T {
        return when (anonymousClass) {
            String::class.java -> mSharedPreferences.getString(key, defaultValue as String) as T
            Boolean::class.java -> java.lang.Boolean.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getBoolean(key, defaultValue as Boolean)) as T
            Float::class.java -> java.lang.Float.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getFloat(key, defaultValue as Float)) as T
            Int::class.java -> Integer.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getInt(key, defaultValue as Int)) as T
            Long::class.java -> java.lang.Long.valueOf(mSharedPreferences.getLong(key, defaultValue as Long)) as T
            else -> App.self()?.gSon?.fromJson(mSharedPreferences.getString(key, ""), anonymousClass)!!
        }
    }

    fun <T> put(key: String, data: T) {
        val editor = mSharedPreferences.edit()
        when (data) {
            is String -> editor.putString(key, data as String)
            is Boolean -> editor.putBoolean(key, data as Boolean)
            is Float -> editor.putFloat(key, data as Float)
            is Int -> editor.putInt(key, data as Int)
            is Long -> editor.putLong(key, data as Long)
            else -> editor.putString(key, App.self()?.gSon?.toJson(data))
        }
        editor.apply()
    }

    fun clear() {
        mSharedPreferences.edit().clear().apply()
    }

    companion object {
        private val PREFS_NAME = "share_prefs"
        private var mInstance: SharedPrefs? = null
        val instance: SharedPrefs
            get() {
                if (mInstance == null) {
                    mInstance = SharedPrefs()
                }
                return mInstance as SharedPrefs
            }
    }

2. Khởi tạo App class

class App : Application() {
    var gSon: Gson? = null
    override fun onCreate() {
        super.onCreate()
        mSelf = this
        gSon = Gson()
    }

    companion object {
        private var mSelf: App? = null
        fun self(): App? {
            return mSelf
        }
    }
}

và chú ý khai báo trong AndroidManifest nhé

android:name=".App"

cũng như import thư viện gson trong build.gradle của app nữa nhé

implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.2'

3. Ứng dụng vào demo nhé

3.1. Tạo model Employee

Kotlin hỗ trợ chúng ta rất nhiều trong việc loại bỏ các hàm get set như trong java cũ

class Employee(var id: Long, var name: String?) {

    override fun toString(): String {
        return "Employee {" +
                "id = " + id +
                ", name = '" + name + '\'' +
                '}'
    }
}

3.2. MainActivity

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
    private val tag = this@MainActivity.javaClass.name!!
    private val firstStaff = "first_staff"
    private val secondStaff = "second_staff"
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
        val employee = Employee(1, "Nguyen Viet Manh")
        val employee2 = Employee(2, "Do Xuan Duc")

        SharedPrefs.instance.put(firstStaff, employee)
        SharedPrefs.instance.put(secondStaff, employee2)

        Log.e(tag, SharedPrefs.instance[firstStaff, Employee::class.java].toString())
        Log.e(tag, SharedPrefs.instance[secondStaff, Employee::class.java].toString())

        Log.e(tag, SharedPrefs.instance["hello", Int::class.java, 2].toString())
    }
}

Ảnh

Tham khảo

https://viblo.asia/p/toi-uu-android-shared-preferences-924lJM8bZPM


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