ð ïžé¢æ¥åã«ç¥ã£ãŠããããã£ã16ã®ã·ã¹ãã èšèšã®æŠå¿µð¡
1. ãã¡ã€ã³ããŒã ã·ã¹ãã (DNS)
1.1 DNS ãšã¯äœãïŒ
DNS ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã®åºæ¬çãªéšåã§ã人éãèªãããã¡ã€ã³åïŒwww.example.com ãªã©ïŒãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãèªãã IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ïŒ192.0.2.1 ãªã©ïŒã«å€æããŸãã
1.2 DNS ã®ä»çµã¿
- DNS ã¯ãšãª: ãŠãŒã¶ãŒã URL ãå ¥åãããšããã©ãŠã¶ã¯ DNS ã¯ãšãªã DNS ãªãŸã«ãã«éä¿¡ããŸãã
- ã«ãŒããµãŒã: ãªãŸã«ããæ å ±ãæã£ãŠããªãå Žåãã¯ãšãªã DNS ã«ãŒããµãŒãã«è»¢éããé©å㪠TLD ãµãŒããæå®ããŸãã
- TLD ãµãŒã: TLD ãµãŒãã¯ããªãŸã«ãã質åã®ãã¡ã€ã³ã管çããæš©åšãµãŒãã«æ瀺ããŸãã
- æš©åšãµãŒã: æš©åšãµãŒãã¯ããªãŸã«ãã«å¯Ÿå¿ãã IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ãæäŸããŸãã
- å¿ç: ãªãŸã«ã㯠IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ããã©ãŠã¶ã«è¿ãããã©ãŠã¶ã¯ç®çã®ãµãŒããŒã«æ¥ç¶ããŸãã
2. ããŒããã©ã³ãµ
2.1 ããŒããã©ã³ãµãšã¯äœãïŒ
ããŒããã©ã³ãµã¯ãè€æ°ã®ãµãŒããŒã«ãã©ãã£ãã¯ãåæ£ããè£ çœ®ãŸãã¯ãœãããŠã§ã¢ã§ããããã«ãããã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãå¯çšæ§ãä¿¡é Œæ§ãåäžããŸãã
2.2 ããŒããã©ã³ã·ã³ã°ã®çš®é¡
- ã©ãŠã³ãããã³: ãªã¯ãšã¹ãããµãŒããŒéã§åçã«åæ£ãããŸãã
- æå°æ¥ç¶: ãªã¯ãšã¹ããã¢ã¯ãã£ãæ¥ç¶ãæãå°ãªããµãŒããŒã«éãããŸãã
- IP ããã·ã¥: ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã® IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã®ããã·ã¥ã«åºã¥ããŠãªã¯ãšã¹ããå²ãåœãŠãããŸãã
3. API ã²ãŒããŠã§ã€
3.1 API ã²ãŒããŠã§ã€ãšã¯äœãïŒ
API ã²ãŒããŠã§ã€ã¯ãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããšãã€ã¯ããµãŒãã¹ã®éã«ãããµãŒããŒã§ããAPI ã²ãŒããŠã§ã€ã¯ãAPI ãªã¯ãšã¹ããé©åãªãã€ã¯ããµãŒãã¹ã«ã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããã·ã¹ãã ã®è€éããé èœããŸãã
3.2 API ã²ãŒããŠã§ã€ã®æ©èœ
- ãªã¯ãšã¹ãã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°: ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãããã®ãªã¯ãšã¹ããé©åãªãã€ã¯ããµãŒãã¹ã«è»¢éããŸãã
- èªèšŒ: ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹æš©ãæ€èšŒããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ã匷åããŸãã
- ã¬ãŒãå¶é: ã·ã¹ãã ãžã®ãªã¯ãšã¹ãæ°ãå¶éããéè² è·ãé²ããŸãã
4. ã³ã³ãã³ãããªããªãŒãããã¯ãŒã¯ (CDN)
4.1 CDN ãšã¯äœãïŒ
CDN ã¯ãäžçäžã®ããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã«ã³ã³ãã³ãããã£ãã·ã¥ããããšã§ããŠã§ãã³ã³ãã³ãã®é ä¿¡é床ãåäžããããããã¯ãŒã¯ãµãŒãã¹ã§ãã
4.2 CDN ã®ä»çµã¿
- ãšããžãµãŒããŒ: CDN ã¯ãäžçäžã®ããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã«ãšããžãµãŒããŒãèšçœ®ãããŠãŒã¶ãŒã«è¿ãå Žæã§ã³ã³ãã³ãããã£ãã·ã¥ããŸãã
- ãªã¯ãšã¹ãã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°: ãŠãŒã¶ãŒãã³ã³ãã³ãã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããšãCDN ã¯æãè¿ããšããžãµãŒããŒãéžæããŠãªã¯ãšã¹ããã«ãŒãã£ã³ã°ããŸãã
5. ãã©ã¯ãŒããããã·ãšãªããŒã¹ãããã·
5.1 ãã©ã¯ãŒããããã·
ãã©ã¯ãŒããããã·ã¯ãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ããšã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã®éã«ãããµãŒããŒã§ãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãããã®ãªã¯ãšã¹ããé©åãªãµãŒããŒã«éä¿¡ããŸãããã©ã¯ãŒããããã·ã¯ããããã¯ãŒã¯å¶éãåé¿ããããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ãåäžããããã垯åå¹ ãç¯çŽããããã«ãã£ãã·ã¥ãå©çšãããããŸãã
5.2 ãªããŒã¹ãããã·
ãªããŒã¹ãããã·ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒããããšããã¯ãšã³ããµãŒããŒã®éã«ãããµãŒããŒã§ãã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã®ãªã¯ãšã¹ããé©åãªãµãŒããŒã«è»¢éããŸãããªããŒã¹ãããã·ã¯ãè² è·åæ£ãã»ãã¥ãªãã£åäžãããã³ã³ã³ãã³ãã®é«éé ä¿¡ã®ããã«ãã£ãã·ã¥ãå©çšã§ããŸãã
6. ãã£ãã·ã³ã°
6.1 ãã£ãã·ã³ã°ãšã¯äœãïŒ
ãã£ãã·ã³ã°ã¯ãé »ç¹ã«ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ãããããŒã¿ãå¹ççã«æ ŒçŽã»æäŸããããã®æè¡ã§ããããŒã¿ã®ã³ããŒããŠãŒã¶ãŒã«è¿ãå Žæã«ä¿åãããªã¯ãšã¹ãã®ã¬ã¹ãã³ã¹æéãççž®ããŸãã
6.2 ãã£ãã·ã¥ã®çš®é¡
- ãã©ãŠã¶ãã£ãã·ã¥: ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãåŽã®ãŠã§ããã©ãŠã¶ã«ãã£ãã·ã¥ãããã³ã³ãã³ãã
- CDN ãã£ãã·ã¥: ãšããžãµãŒããŒã«ãã£ãã·ã¥ãããã³ã³ãã³ãã
- ã€ã³ã¡ã¢ãªãã£ãã·ã¥: ãµãŒããŒã®ã¡ã¢ãªã«ãã£ãã·ã¥ãããããŒã¿ãäŸ: Redis, Memcachedã
7. ããŒã¿ããŒãã£ã·ã§ãã³ã°
7.1 ããŒã¿ããŒãã£ã·ã§ãã³ã°ãšã¯äœãïŒ
ããŒã¿ããŒãã£ã·ã§ãã³ã°ã¯ãããŒã¿ãè€æ°ã®éšåã«åå²ããŠãåŠçé床ãšå¯çšæ§ãåäžãããææ³ã§ãã
7.2 ããŒãã£ã·ã§ãã³ã°ã®çš®é¡
- ããªãŸã³ã¿ã«ããŒãã£ã·ã§ãã³ã°: ããŒã¿ãè¡åäœã§åå²ããŸããåããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ã«ã¯ãå šäœã®ããŒã¿ã»ããã®äžéšãå«ãŸããŸãã
- åçŽããŒãã£ã·ã§ãã³ã°: ããŒã¿ãååäœã§åå²ããŸããåããŒãã£ã·ã§ã³ã¯ãããŒã¿ã»ããã®ç¹å®ã®åãå«ã¿ãŸãã
8. ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¬ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³
8.1 ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¬ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãšã¯äœãïŒ
ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¬ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ãããŒã¿ãè€æ°ã®ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãµãŒããŒã«ã³ããŒããããã»ã¹ã§ãããŒã¿ã®å¯çšæ§ãèé害æ§ãããã³ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãåäžãããŸãã
8.2 ã¬ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã®çš®é¡
- ãã¹ã¿ãŒã¹ã¬ãŒãã¬ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³: ãã¹ã¿ãŒãµãŒããŒãããŒã¿ã®å€æŽãè¡ããã¹ã¬ãŒããµãŒããŒããããã®å€æŽãã³ããŒããŸãã
- ãã¹ã¿ãŒãã¹ã¿ãŒã¬ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³: ãã¹ãŠã®ãµãŒããŒãããŒã¿ã®å€æŽãè¡ããä»ã®ãµãŒããŒã«å€æŽãè€è£œããŸãã
9. åæ£ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã
9.1 åæ£ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ãšã¯äœãïŒ
åæ£ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³éã§ã¡ãã»ãŒãžãå¹ççã«ããåãããããã®ã·ã¹ãã ã§ããããã«ãããã³ã³ããŒãã³ãéã®çµåãç·©ããã«ãªããã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ãšèé害æ§ãåäžããŸãã
9.2 äžè¬çãªåæ£ã¡ãã»ãŒãžã³ã°ã·ã¹ãã
- Apache Kafka: é«ã¹ã«ãŒããããèé害æ§ãããã³ã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ã«åªããåæ£ã¹ããªãŒãã³ã°ãã©ãããã©ãŒã ã
- RabbitMQ: é«åºŠã«ã¹ã±ãŒã©ãã«ã§ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®ããã¡ãã»ãŒãžãããŒã«ã
10. ãã€ã¯ããµãŒãã¹
10.1 ãã€ã¯ããµãŒãã¹ãšã¯äœãïŒ
ãã€ã¯ããµãŒãã¹ã¯ãç¬ç«ããŠãããã€å¯èœãªå°ããªãµãŒãã¹ã«ã¢ããªã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãåå²ããã¢ãŒããã¯ãã£ã¹ã¿ã€ã«ã§ããããã«ãããéçºããããã€ã¡ã³ããã¹ã±ãŒãªã³ã°ã容æã«ãªããŸãã
10.2 ãã€ã¯ããµãŒãã¹ã®å©ç¹
éçºã®ä¿é²: å°ããªããŒã ãç¬ç«ããŠæ©èœãéçºã§ããŸãã ã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£: åã ã®ãµãŒãã¹ãç¬ç«ããŠã¹ã±ãŒã«ã§ããŸãã é害ã®å±æå: ã·ã¹ãã å šäœã§ã¯ãªããåã ã®ãµãŒãã¹ã®ã¿ã圱é¿ãåããŸãã
11. NoSQL ããŒã¿ããŒã¹
11.1 NoSQL ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšã¯äœãïŒ
NoSQL ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®ãªã¬ãŒã·ã§ãã«ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãšç°ãªãããŒã¿ã¢ãã«ãæ¡çšããŠãããã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ãšæè»æ§ã«åªããŠããŸãã
11.2 NoSQL ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®çš®é¡
- ããŒã»ããªã¥ãŒã¹ãã¢: ã·ã³ãã«ãªããŒãšå€ã®ãã¢ãæ ŒçŽããããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãäŸ: Redis, Amazon DynamoDBã
- ããã¥ã¡ã³ãã¹ãã¢: JSON ã BSON ãªã©ã®ããã¥ã¡ã³ã圢åŒã§ããŒã¿ãæ ŒçŽããããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãäŸ: MongoDB, Couchbaseã
- ã«ã©ã ãã¡ããªãŒã¹ãã¢: ã«ã©ã ãã¡ããªãŒåäœã§ããŒã¿ãæ ŒçŽããããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãäŸ: Apache Cassandra, HBaseã
- ã°ã©ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹: ã°ã©ãæ§é ã§ããŒã¿ãæ ŒçŽããããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãäŸ: Neo4j, Amazon Neptuneã
12. ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹
12.1 ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ãšã¯äœãïŒ
ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã¯ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹å ã®ããŒã¿ãå¹ççã«æ€çŽ¢ã§ããããã«ããæ§é ã§ããã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã䜿çšããããšã§ãã¯ãšãªã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãå€§å¹ ã«åäžããŸãã
12.2 ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã®çš®é¡
- B-Tree ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹: äžè¬çãªã€ã³ããã¯ã¹ã§ããªã¬ãŒã·ã§ãã«ããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã§ãã䜿ãããŸãã
- ããããããã€ã³ããã¯ã¹: äœåºæ°ã®ããŒã¿ïŒå€ã®çš®é¡ãå°ãªãããŒã¿ïŒã«å¹æçã§ãã
- ããã·ã¥ã€ã³ããã¯ã¹: ç䟡æ€çŽ¢ã«å¯ŸããŠé«éã§ãããç¯å²æ€çŽ¢ã«ã¯é©ããŠããŸããã
13. åæ£ãã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³
13.1 åæ£ãã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãšã¯äœãïŒ
åæ£ãã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã¯ãè€æ°ã®ããŒãéã§å®è¡ããããã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§ããããŒã¿ã®äžè²«æ§ãç¶æããªããåæ£ã·ã¹ãã ã§ãã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ããããšãç®çã§ãã
13.2 äºçžã³ããã (2PC)
äºçžã³ãããã¯ãåæ£ãã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå®è¡ããããã®ãããã³ã«ã§ã次ã®2ã€ã®ãã§ãŒãºã§æ§æãããŸãã
- æºåãã§ãŒãº: ãã¹ãŠã®åå è ã«ãã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã³ãããããæºåãã§ããŠãããå°ããŸãã
- ã³ããã/äžæ¢ãã§ãŒãº: ãã¹ãŠã®åå è ãã³ãããã§ããå Žåããã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã³ãããããŸããããã§ãªãå Žåããã©ã³ã¶ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãäžæ¢ããŸãã
14. ã·ã£ãŒãã£ã³ã°
14.1 ã·ã£ãŒãã£ã³ã°ãšã¯äœãïŒ
ã·ã£ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã¯ãããŒã¿ããŒã¹ãè€æ°ã®ã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ã«åå²ããããã»ã¹ã§ãåã€ã³ã¹ã¿ã³ã¹ãããŒã¿ã»ããã®äžéšã管çããŸããããã«ãããããŒã¿ããŒã¹ã®ã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ãåäžããŸãã
14.2 ã·ã£ãŒãã£ã³ã°ã®æ¹æ³
- ããã·ã¥ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãŒãã£ã³ã°: ããŒã®ããã·ã¥é¢æ°ã«åºã¥ããŠããŒã¿ãã·ã£ãŒãã«å²ãåœãŠãŸãã
- ç¯å²ããŒã¹ã·ã£ãŒãã£ã³ã°: ããŒã®ç¯å²ã«åºã¥ããŠããŒã¿ãã·ã£ãŒãã«å²ãåœãŠãŸãã
15. ããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒ
15.1 ããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒãšã¯äœãïŒ
ããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã¯ãã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ã·ã¹ãã ãéä¿¡ã·ã¹ãã ãã¹ãã¬ãŒãžã·ã¹ãã ãªã©ã®æ å ±æè¡ïŒITïŒã€ã³ãã©ã¹ãã©ã¯ãã£ããã¹ãããå°çšæœèšã§ããããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã¯ãããŒã¿ã®ä¿åãåŠçã管çãè¡ããã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã«æ¥ç¶ããŸãã
15.2 ããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã®ç¹åŸŽ
- åé·æ§: ã·ã¹ãã ã®é害ã«å¯ŸåŠãããããé»æºãå·åŽãéä¿¡ãªã³ã¯ãªã©ãåé·åãããŠããŸãã
- ã»ãã¥ãªãã£: ç©ççããã³è«ççãªã»ãã¥ãªãã£å¯Ÿçãå®æœãããŠããŸãã
- ãšãã«ã®ãŒå¹ç: ããŒã¿ã»ã³ã¿ãŒã¯ãçãšãã«ã®ãŒèšèšãå·åŽæè¡ãå©çšããŠãæ¶è²»é»åãæããŸãã
16. ããŒããã©ã³ã·ã³ã°
16.1 ããŒããã©ã³ã·ã³ã°ãšã¯äœãïŒ
ããŒããã©ã³ã·ã³ã°ã¯ãã·ã¹ãã ãžã®è² è·ãè€æ°ã®ãµãŒããŒã«åçã«åæ£ãããããã»ã¹ã§ããããã«ãããã·ã¹ãã ã®å¯çšæ§ãã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ãããã³ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ãåäžããŸãã
16.2 ããŒããã©ã³ã·ã³ã°ã®æ¹æ³
- ã©ãŠã³ãããã³: ãµãŒããŒã«é çªã«ãªã¯ãšã¹ããå²ãåœãŠãŸãã
- æå°æ¥ç¶: çŸåšæãå°ãªãæ¥ç¶ãæã£ãŠãããµãŒããŒã«ãªã¯ãšã¹ããå²ãåœãŠãŸãã
- IP ããã·ã¥: ã¯ã©ã€ã¢ã³ãã® IP ã¢ãã¬ã¹ã«åºã¥ããŠãµãŒããŒã«ãªã¯ãšã¹ããå²ãåœãŠãŸãã
以äžããåæ£ã·ã¹ãã ã®åºæ¬çãªã³ã³ããŒãã³ããšæŠå¿µã§ãããããã®ã³ã³ããŒãã³ããšæŠå¿µãç解ããé©åã«é©çšããããšã§ãé«å¯çšæ§ãã¹ã±ãŒã©ããªãã£ãããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ã®ããåæ£ã·ã¹ãã ãæ§ç¯ããããšãã§ããŸãã
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