Làm quen với Entity Framework 6, MVC 5 Code First
Bài đăng này đã không được cập nhật trong 9 năm
I, Tạo một ứng dụng Web MVC
Mở Visual Studio và tạo ra một mới C # Web dự án có tên "ContosoUniversity".
Trong hộp thoại New Project ASP.NET chọn mẫu MVC.
Nếu Microsoft Azure được chọn, bỏ chọn.
Nhấp vào Change Authentication.
Trong Change Authentication , Chọn No Authentication, sau đó click OK.
Thiết lập style cho site
Một vài thay đổi đơn giản thiêt lập site menu, layout, home page.
Open Views\Shared_Layout.cshtml, and make the following changes:
-
Thay đổi "My ASP.NET Application" and "Application name" thành "Contoso University"
-
Thêm menu cho Students, Courses, Instructors, and Departments, và xóa contact Entry.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>@ViewBag.Title - Contoso University</title>
@Styles.Render("~/Content/css")
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/modernizr")
</head>
<body>
<div class="navbar navbar-inverse navbar-fixed-top">
<div class="navbar-inner">
<div class="container">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-navbar" data-toggle="collapse" data-target=".nav-collapse">
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
<span class="icon-bar"></span>
</button>
@Html.ActionLink("Contoso University", "Index", "Home", new { area = "" }, new { @class = "navbar-brand" })
<div class="nav-collapse collapse">
<ul class="nav">
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Home", "Index", "Home")</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("About", "About", "Home")</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Students", "Index", "Student")</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Courses", "Index", "Course")</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Instructors", "Index", "Instructor")</li>
<li>@Html.ActionLink("Departments", "Index", "Department")</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
@RenderBody()
<hr />
<footer>
<p>© @DateTime.Now.Year - Contoso University</p>
</footer>
</div>
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jquery")
@Scripts.Render("~/bundles/bootstrap")
@RenderSection("scripts", required: false)
</body>
</html>
In Views\Home\Index.cshtml, thay thế = code sau đây:
@{
ViewBag.Title = "Home Page";
}
<div class="jumbotron">
<h1>Contoso University</h1>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<h2>Welcome to Contoso University</h2>
<p>Contoso University is a sample application that
demonstrates how to use Entity Framework 6 in an
ASP.NET MVC 5 web application.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<h2>Build it from scratch</h2>
<p>You can build the application by following the steps in the tutorial series on the ASP.NET site.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-default" href="http://www.asp.net/mvc/tutorials/getting-started-with-ef-using-mvc/">See the tutorial »</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-4">
<h2>Download it</h2>
<p>You can download the completed project from the Microsoft Code Gallery.</p>
<p><a class="btn btn-default" href="http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/ASPNET-MVC-Application-b01a9fe8">Download »</a></p>
</div>
</div>
Ấn tổ hợp phím CTRL+F5 . Bạn sẽ thấy home page với menu.
II, Cài Entity Framework 6
Từ menu Tools >>> chọn NuGet Package Manager sau đó chọn Package Manager Console.
Trong Package Manager Console gõ:
Install-Package EntityFramework
Tạo ra Data Model
Tiếp theo bạn sẽ tạo ra các lớp entity cho chương trình Contoso University.
1/ Student Entity
Trong thư mục Models , tạo một class tên Student.cs và thay thế với code sau:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
public class Student
{
public int ID { get; set; }
public string LastName { get; set; }
public string FirstMidName { get; set; }
public DateTime EnrollmentDate { get; set; }
public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
}
}
2/ Enrollment Entity
Thư mục Models , Tạo Enrollment.cs và thay thế với code sau:
namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
public enum Grade
{
A, B, C, D, F
}
public class Enrollment
{
public int EnrollmentID { get; set; }
public int CourseID { get; set; }
public int StudentID { get; set; }
public Grade? Grade { get; set; }
public virtual Course Course { get; set; }
public virtual Student Student { get; set; }
}
}
3/ The Course Entity
Thư mục Models, Tạo Course.cs:
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
namespace ContosoUniversity.Models
{
public class Course
{
[DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.None)]
public int CourseID { get; set; }
public string Title { get; set; }
public int Credits { get; set; }
public virtual ICollection<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
}
}
4/ Tạo Database Context
using ContosoUniversity.Models;
using System.Data.Entity;
using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions;
namespace ContosoUniversity.DAL
{
public class SchoolContext : DbContext
{
public SchoolContext() : base("SchoolContext")
{
}
public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
public DbSet<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }
protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();
}
}
}
Tên của chuỗi kết nối với data base mà được thiết lập trong web.config được truyền tới constructor
public SchoolContext() : base("SchoolContext")
{
}
Tạo dữ liệu test
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Data.Entity;
using ContosoUniversity.Models;
namespace ContosoUniversity.DAL
{
public class SchoolInitializer : System.Data.Entity. DropCreateDatabaseIfModelChanges<SchoolContext>
{
protected override void Seed(SchoolContext context)
{
var students = new List<Student>
{
new Student{FirstMidName="Carson",LastName="Alexander",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2005-09-01")},
new Student{FirstMidName="Meredith",LastName="Alonso",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2002-09-01")},
new Student{FirstMidName="Arturo",LastName="Anand",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2003-09-01")},
new Student{FirstMidName="Gytis",LastName="Barzdukas",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2002-09-01")},
new Student{FirstMidName="Yan",LastName="Li",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2002-09-01")},
new Student{FirstMidName="Peggy",LastName="Justice",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2001-09-01")},
new Student{FirstMidName="Laura",LastName="Norman",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2003-09-01")},
new Student{FirstMidName="Nino",LastName="Olivetto",EnrollmentDate=DateTime.Parse("2005-09-01")}
};
students.ForEach(s => context.Students.Add(s));
context.SaveChanges();
var courses = new List<Course>
{
new Course{CourseID=1050,Title="Chemistry",Credits=3,},
new Course{CourseID=4022,Title="Microeconomics",Credits=3,},
new Course{CourseID=4041,Title="Macroeconomics",Credits=3,},
new Course{CourseID=1045,Title="Calculus",Credits=4,},
new Course{CourseID=3141,Title="Trigonometry",Credits=4,},
new Course{CourseID=2021,Title="Composition",Credits=3,},
new Course{CourseID=2042,Title="Literature",Credits=4,}
};
courses.ForEach(s => context.Courses.Add(s));
context.SaveChanges();
var enrollments = new List<Enrollment>
{
new Enrollment{StudentID=1,CourseID=1050,Grade=Grade.A},
new Enrollment{StudentID=1,CourseID=4022,Grade=Grade.C},
new Enrollment{StudentID=1,CourseID=4041,Grade=Grade.B},
new Enrollment{StudentID=2,CourseID=1045,Grade=Grade.B},
new Enrollment{StudentID=2,CourseID=3141,Grade=Grade.F},
new Enrollment{StudentID=2,CourseID=2021,Grade=Grade.F},
new Enrollment{StudentID=3,CourseID=1050},
new Enrollment{StudentID=4,CourseID=1050,},
new Enrollment{StudentID=4,CourseID=4022,Grade=Grade.F},
new Enrollment{StudentID=5,CourseID=4041,Grade=Grade.C},
new Enrollment{StudentID=6,CourseID=1045},
new Enrollment{StudentID=7,CourseID=3141,Grade=Grade.A},
};
enrollments.ForEach(s => context.Enrollments.Add(s));
context.SaveChanges();
}
}
}
Để Entity Framework sử dụng initializer class, add những dòng sau vào file Web.config:
<entityFramework>
<contexts>
<context type="ContosoUniversity.DAL.SchoolContext, ContosoUniversity">
<databaseInitializer type="ContosoUniversity.DAL.SchoolInitializer, ContosoUniversity" />
</context>
</contexts>
</entityFramework>
Thiết lập entity framework dùng SQL Server Express LocalDB database
Mở file Web.config và thêm element connectionStrings trước element appSettings như đoạn code dưới đây
<connectionStrings>
<add name="SchoolContext" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)\v11.0;Initial Catalog=ContosoUniversity1;Integrated Security=SSPI;" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient"/>
</connectionStrings>
<appSettings>
<add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
<add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
<add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
<add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
</appSettings>
III, Tạo Student Controller and Views
*Click phải vào thư mục Controllers trong Solution Explorer, chọn Add, sau đó click New Scaffolded Item.
*Với Add Scaffold dialog box, chọn MVC 5 Controller with views, dùng Entity Framework.
*Trong box Add Controller , Chọn những cái sau và click Add:
Ấn CTRL+F5 để chạy chương trình
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