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Nguyễn Thị Hồng Nhung @nguyen.thi.hong.nhung
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Đã đăng vào thg 3 12, 2015 12:16 SA 12 phút đọc
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Kết nối database với java spring

I. Giới thiệu về sự kết hợp giữa Spring và Hibernate

Hibernate và Spring là mã nguồn mở Java khuôn khổ mà đơn giản hóa việc phát triển các ứng dụng Java / JEE, ứng dụng độc lập chạy trên một JVM duy nhất, từ đơn giản cho đến các ứng dụng phức tạp, chạy trên các máy chủ ứng dụng toàn diện. Hibernate và Spring cho phép các nhà phát triển để tạo ra khả năng mở rộng, đáng tin cậy, và hiệu quả.

Mặc dù mục đích của các khuôn khổ một phần chồng lên nhau, đối với hầu hết các phần, từng được sử dụng cho một mục đích khác nhau. Hibernate framework nhằm giải quyết các vấn đề quản lý dữ liệu trong Java:API Java, JDBC (Java Database Connectivity), persistence providers , DBMS (Database Management Systems), và là ngôn ngữ trung gian, SQL (Structured Query Language).

Ngược lại, Spring là một khung nhiều tầng mà không dành riêng cho một khu vực kiến trúc ứng dụng cụ thể . Tuy nhiên, Spring không cung cấp giải pháp riêng của mình cho các vấn đề như sự kiên trì, mà đã có giải pháp tốt. Thay vào đó, Spring thống nhất các giải pháp từ trước dưới API nhất quán của nó và làm cho họ dễ dàng hơn để sử dụng. Như đã đề cập, một trong những khu vực này là persistence. Spring có thể được tích hợp với một persistence solution, như Hibernate, để cung cấp một lớp trừu tượng, quản lý, và có hiệu quả.

II. Kết nối database

  1. Tạo DB với MySQL

Tạo 1 database tên studentdb với bảng là student có cấu trúc bảng như sau:

Bai2_2.jpg

  1. Tạo Spring project

2.1 Tạo 1 dynamic web project tên KetNoiDB, add new folder cho project:

Bai2_3.jpg

Convert sang maven project và add maven vào thư viện của project

Bai2_4.jpg

Cấu hình file pom để sử dụng spring, hibernate và MySQl như dưới đây:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>CRUDWebAppMavenized</groupId>

  <artifactId>CRUDWebAppMavenized</artifactId>

  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <properties>

<org.springframework.version>3.0.5.RELEASE</org.springframework.version>

  </properties>

  <dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>

<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>

<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>

<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>

<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>

<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>

<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>

<version>${org.springframework.version}</version>

</dependency>

<!-- Hibernate resources -->

<dependency>

<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>

<version>3.6.7.Final</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

<artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>

<version>4.3.0.Final</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

<artifactId>hibernate-commons-annotations</artifactId>

<version>3.3.0.ga</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

<artifactId>hibernate-annotations</artifactId>

<version>3.3.1.GA</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>

<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>

<version>3.3.2.GA</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>taglibs</groupId>

<artifactId>standard</artifactId>

<version>1.1.2</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>

<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>

<version>1.1.2</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>

<version>20030825.184428</version>

</dependency>

<dependency>

<groupId>commons-pool</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>

<version>20030825.183949</version>

</dependency>

<!-- MySQL -->

<dependency>

<groupId>mysql</groupId>

<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>

<version>5.1.6</version>

</dependency>

<!-- Log4j -->

<dependency>

<groupId>log4j</groupId>

<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>

<version>1.2.14</version>

<type>jar</type>

<scope>compile</scope>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

  <build>

    <testSourceDirectory>src/main/test</testSourceDirectory>

    <resources>

  <resource>

    <directory>src/main/resources</directory>

    <excludes>

      <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>

    </excludes>

  </resource>

  <resource>

    <directory>src/main/webapp</directory>

    <excludes>

      <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>

    </excludes>

  </resource>

</resources>

<plugins>

  <plugin>

    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>

    <version>2.4</version>

    <configuration>

      <source>1.7</source>

      <target>1.7</target>

    </configuration>

  </plugin>

    </plugins>

  </build>

</project>

2.2 Tạo file jdbc.properties để cấu hình sử dụng DB

Vào src\main\webapp tạo new file và đặt tên là jdbc.properties:

jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

jdbc.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect

jdbc.databaseurl=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/studentdb

jdbc.username=root

jdbc.password=123456

Day là config de connect voi DB MySQl

Tạo các file, folder theo hình sau:

bai2_5.jpg

2.3 Nội dung của cá file như sau:

2.3.1 com.nhungnth.model/student.java

package com.nhungnth.model;

 /*
* Khai bao cac bien lay tu bang Student
* */

import javax.persistence.Column;

import javax.persistence.Entity;

import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;

import javax.persistence.GenerationType;

import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity

public class Student {

@Id

@Column

@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO) //for autonumber

private int studentId;

@Column

private String firstname;

@Column

private String lastname;

@Column

private int yearLevel;

public Student(){}

public Student(int studentId, String firstname, String lastname,

int yearLevel) {

super();

this.studentId = studentId;

this.firstname = firstname;

this.lastname = lastname;

this.yearLevel = yearLevel;

}

public int getStudentId() {

return studentId;

}

public void setStudentId(int studentId) {

this.studentId = studentId;

}

public String getFirstname() {

return firstname;

}

public void setFirstname(String firstname) {

this.firstname = firstname;

}

public String getLastname() {

return lastname;

}

public void setLastname(String lastname)     {

this.lastname = lastname;

}

public int getYearLevel() {

return yearLevel;

}

public void setYearLevel(int yearLevel) {

this.yearLevel = yearLevel;

}

}

2.3.2 com.nhungnth.dao/StudentDao.java

package com.nhungnth.dao;

 /*
* Khai bao cac ham add, edit, delete... can su dung
* */

import java.util.List;

import com.nhungnth.model.Student;

public interface StudentDao {

public void add(Student student);

public void edit(Student student);

public void delete(int studentId);

public Student getStudent(int studentId);

public List getAllStudent();

}

2.3.3 com.nhungnth.dao.impl/StudentDaoImpl.java

package com.nhungnth.dao.impl;

 /*
*  Dao implement interface
* */

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import com.nhungnth.dao.StudentDao;

import com.nhungnth.model.Student;

@Repository

public class StudentDaoImpl implements StudentDao {

@Autowired

private SessionFactory session;

@Override

public void add(Student student) {

session.getCurrentSession().save(student);

}

@Override

public void edit(Student student) {

session.getCurrentSession().update(student);

}

@Override

public void delete(int studentId) {

session.getCurrentSession().delete(getStudent(studentId));

}

@Override

public Student getStudent(int studentId)     {

return (Student)session.getCurrentSession().get(Student.class, studentId);

}

@Override

public List getAllStudent() {

return session.getCurrentSession().createQuery("from Student").list();

}

}

2.3.4 com.nhungnth.service/StudentService.java

package com.nhungnth.service;

 /*
*  model interface
* */

import java.util.List;

import com.nhungnth.model.Student;

public interface StudentService {

public void add(Student student);

public void edit(Student student);

public void delete(int studentId);

public Student getStudent(int studentId);

public List getAllStudent();

}

2.3.5 com.nhungnth.service.impl/StudentServiceImpl.java

package com.nhungnth.service.impl;

 /*
*  service implement
* */

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.nhungnth.dao.StudentDao;

import com.nhungnth.model.Student;

import com.nhungnth.service.StudentService;

@Service

public class StudentServiceImpl implements StudentService {

@Autowired

private StudentDao studentDao;

@Transactional

public void add(Student student) {

studentDao.add(student);

}

@Transactional

public void edit(Student student) {

studentDao.edit(student);

}

@Transactional

public void delete(int studentId) {

studentDao.delete(studentId);

}

@Transactional

public Student getStudent(int studentId)     {

return studentDao.getStudent(studentId);

}

@Transactional

public List getAllStudent() {

return studentDao.getAllStudent();

}

}

2.3.6 com.nhungnth.controller/StudentController.java

package com.nhungnth.controller;

import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

import com.nhungnth.model.Student;

import com.nhungnth.service.StudentService;

 /*
*  action comtroller

*  thuc hien thao tac qua lai giua db va     view
* */

@Controller

public class StudentController {

@Autowired

private StudentService studentService;

@RequestMapping("/index")

public String setupForm(Map<String, Object> map){

Student student = new Student();

map.put("student", student);

map.put("studentList", studentService.getAllStudent());

return "student";

}

@RequestMapping(value="/student.do", method=RequestMethod.POST)

public String doActions(@ModelAttribute Student student, BindingResult result, @RequestParam String action, Map<String, Object> map){

Student studentResult = new Student();

switch(action.toLowerCase()){//only in Java7 you can put String in switch

case "add":

studentService.add(student);

studentResult = student;

break;

case "edit":

studentService.edit(student);

studentResult = student;

break;

case "delete":

studentService.delete(student.getStudentId());

studentResult = new Student();

break;

case "search":

Student searchedStudent = studentService.getStudent(student.getStudentId());

studentResult = searchedStudent!=null ? searchedStudent : new Student();

break;

}

map.put("student", studentResult);

map.put("studentList",                      studentService.getAllStudent());

return "student";

}

}

2.4 tạo các file view cho webapp

2.4.1 src/main/webapp/jsp/includes.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="spring"%>

<%@taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" prefix="form"%>

<%@taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>

<! - File này chứa các thư viện thẻ sử dụng nhiều nhất ->

2.4.2 src/main/webapp/jsp/student.jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"

pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<%@ include file="/WEB-INF/jsp/includes.jsp"%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

<title>Student Management</title>

</head>

<body>

<h1>Students Data</h1>

<form:form action="student.do" method="POST" commandName="student">

<table>

<tr>

<td>Student ID</td>

<td><form:input path="studentId" /></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>First name</td>

<td><form:input path="firstname" /></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Last name</td>

<td><form:input path="lastname" /></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td>Year Level</td>

<td><form:input path="yearLevel" /></td>

</tr>

<tr>

<td colspan="2">

<input type="submit" name="action" value="Add" />

<input type="submit" name="action" value="Edit" />

<input type="submit" name="action" value="Delete" />

<input type="submit" name="action" value="Search" />

</td>

</tr>

</table>

</form:form>

<br>

<table border="1">

<th>ID</th>

<th>First name</th>

<th>Last name</th>

<th>Year level</th>

<c:forEach items="${studentList}" var="student">

<tr>

<td>${student.studentId}</td>

<td>${student.firstname}</td>

<td>${student.lastname}</td>

<td>${student.yearLevel}</td>

</tr>

</c:forEach>

</table>

</body>

</html>

2.5 Cấu hình của các file log4j.xml, hibernate.cfg.xml và web.xml:

2.5.1 src\main\resources\log4j.xml -- ghi lai log

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE log4j:configuration PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD LOG4J 1.2//EN" "log4j.dtd">

<log4j:configuration xmlns:log4j="http://jakarta.apache.org/log4j/">

<!-- Appenders -->

<appender name="console" class="org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender">

<param name="Target" value="System.out" />

<layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">

<param name="ConversionPattern" value="%-5p: %c - %m%n" />

</layout>

</appender>
<appender name="util" class="org.apache.log4j.FileAppender"> 
    <param name="File" value="C:\\ITLab\\logs\\GeneralLogs.log" />

    <param name="Append" value="true" />

    <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">

      <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%t %-5p %c{2} - %m%n"/>

    </layout>

 </appender>

<!-- Application Loggers -->

<logger name="com.hp.gcc">

 <level value="info" />

 </logger>

 <!-- 3rdparty Loggers -->

 <logger name="org.springframework.core">

 <level value="info" />

 </logger>

 <logger name="org.springframework.beans">

 <level value="info" />

 </logger>

 <logger name="org.springframework.context">

 <level value="info" />

 </logger>

 <logger name="org.springframework.web">

 <level value="info" />

 </logger>

 <!-- Root Logger -->

 <root>

 <priority value="warn" />

 <appender-ref ref="console" />

 </root>

 </log4j:configuration>

2.5.2 src\main\resources\hibernate.cfg.xml -- cofig cho file hibernate

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

 <!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC

     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD//EN"

     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

 <hibernate-configuration>

     <session-factory>

    <mapping class="com.nhungnth.model.Student" />

     </session-factory>

 </hibernate-configuration>

2.5.3 src\main\webapp\spring-servlet.xml -- cấu hình file servlet

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"

 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"

 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"

 xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"

 xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"

 xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"

 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd

    http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">

 <context:annotation-config />

 <context:component-scan base-package="com.nhungnth" />

 <bean id="propertyConfigurer"

 class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"

p:location="/WEB-INF/jdbc.properties" />

 <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"

 destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"

 p:url="${jdbc.databaseurl}"           p:username="${jdbc.username}"                p:password="${jdbc.password}" />

 <bean id="sessionFactory"

 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">

 <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />

 <property name="configLocation">

 <value>classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml</value>

 </property>

 <property name="configurationClass">

 <value>org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration</value>

 </property>

 <property name="hibernateProperties">

 <props>

 <prop key="hibernate.dialect">${jdbc.dialect}</prop>

 <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>

 </props>

 </property>

 </bean>

 <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.UrlBasedViewResolver">

     <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>

<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>

     <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>

 </bean>

 <tx:annotation-driven />

 <bean id="transactionManager"

 class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">

 <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />

 </bean>

 </beans>

2.5.4 src\main\webapp\web.xml

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

 <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">

   <display-name>KETNOIDB</display-name>

   <context-param>

 <param-name>log4jConfigLocation</param-name>

 <param-value>classpath:log4j.xml</param-value>

 </context-param>

 <listener>

 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.util.Log4jConfigListener</listener-class>

 </listener>

 <servlet>

 <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>

 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>

 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>

 </servlet>

 <servlet-mapping>

 <servlet-name>spring</servlet-name>

 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>

 </servlet-mapping>

   <welcome-file-list>

     <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>

     <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>

     <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>

     <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>

     <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>

     <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>

   </welcome-file-list>

 </web-app>

Kết luận: Refesh lại project và start server để run project Bai2_1.jpg

Lợi thế khi dùng Hibernate

  • Nâng suất: không viết code sql, ít viết code java
  • Hiệu suất: cahce
  • Dễ bảo trì
  • linh hoạt: do generate code sql, có thể tùy chỉnh sql *Nhược điểm của Hibernate Chậm hơn jdbc do phải generate code sql
Java QA

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